Well Played Pantoufle!! Well Played!!!

I am a live and live kind of person when it comes to animals. I accept that each animal plays it own role in keeping our environment on the level and all systems working.....that was before Pantoufle moved in under the apartment floor.

I took to calling my new unwelcome friend Pantoufle because I like the way the French word rolls off the tongue and I'm still a fan of the movie Chocolat . The word also sounds a little like poof which is what Pantoufle apparently does a lot of before he/she come home to spend the night sleeping under my living room floor.  So, what is Pantoufle you ask? Meet my unwelcome house guest.

Yep, I am the proud winner of a skunk under the floor. Pantoufle using its great powers of excavation has dug a hole under the neighbor's fence and the a hole big enough to crawl into the crawl space underneath my apartment floor.

I am no stranger to skunks in fact I spent part of the summer of 1998 living on an island in Boston Harbor which had quite the large population of skunks on it. During the two times of the year when the tide is the lowest they swim the short six foot span from mainland to the island and then become trapped out there when the tide comes back in. All the visitors to the island as well as those camping overnight always asked; "So, how many times have you been sprayed?" The answer to that question was never. Skunks give you many opportunities to evade them before they unleash the funk. Three warnings before you get the stink:
Warning #1 The grumpy Old Man: Skunks will make this grumbling chattering noise as they walk around. Think person mumbling underneath their breath.
Warning #2 Foot Stomp: Skunks will hop up and down on their front feet making it look as if they are stomping on the ground.
Warning #3 False Tail Flick: The skunk will turn its butt towards you and and flick its tail without unleashing any smell.

If you ignore all of these warnings prepare for the funk!!! If the skunk unleashes all of its funk at once then your safe for about a week as they remake more funk for the next unsuspecting victim.

Back to Pantoufle it moved in under the floor giving my apartment a odoriferous smell. The local game wardens set a catch and release trap in front of it's hole and the wait commenced. A week went by and no skunk was captured. Then one early Saturday morning while I was at work the Game Warden called with good and bad news! The skunk had been captured and sadly had unleashed all of it's skunky smell as the warden removed the cage from between the house and the fence. I came home to a smell that was so bad I swear I could taste it. GROSS!! Ack, what the (blank) do I do now. I threw the windows open placed the fans in the window trying to draw the smell out. Four hours later it was no better. I took a drive so I didn't have to smell it. I read online before I left that wintergreen oil would neutralize skunk smell. Ok, where do you find that!? Making a stop at a local chocolate shop I asked if they had any clue where I could find wintergreen oil? Local co-op they suggested. So, after purchasing some awesome chocolate I stopped by the co-op and yeah wintergreen oil!!!

Holding my breath I went back to the apartment and dipped a cotton ball into the oil and placed them around the apartment and waited.  Two hours later there was just a faint hint of skunk, but not the gut wrenching skunk in your face smell.  Thank-you random internet site for clearing out the smell.      

I ate a bug and I liked it. Taste like a sack of boogers.

Lately there have been a lot of really super awesomely cool articles on bugs in the news over the last month.  And recently there have been a lot of screaming people near me making it seem like the half dead bug dragging its way across the counter is carrying sticks of plutonium on each on of its legs.

Ok, I'll grant you some "bugs" can be a little scary. The reaction to most of the people I know to the video from Australia of a hunts man spider carrying away a mouse was something close to what you would get from watching the Texas Chainsaw Massacre. Check out the video if you haven't already seen it.

But some bug news was just sooo cool. Like hello, there are bumble bees in Northern Alaska!! Also because it is that time of year where people pull out their trusty Farmer's Almanac and attempt to predict the coming winter some people decided to try to figure out just how accurate everyone's favorite insect prognosticators are at predicting upcoming winter.

Bugs are cool there are so many reasons to love bugs and heck if all else fails they are tasty. I know I've eaten them....more than once.  We all have....deal with it. While I was working for an entomology museum we were getting ready for out annual bug fair and one of the things you could do is eat a wax worm taco or try some chocolate covered crickets. Fist we had to remove all the wax worms from the dry oatmeal they came packaged in. After a few minutes one of  the graduate student who was helping me started to freak out about having to touch bugs! I looked at her dead in the eye reached into the box and pop a wax worm into my mouth and started to chew.

Wax Worm about 1 inch long. Larval form of a moth.

 Immediately she threw her hand over her mouth and ran away flailing the other hand.  The other graduate student sat there wide eyed and stunned before asking; "what did it taste like?"  I though for a minute and said "tasteless Jello with the consistency of boogers." I dusted off one and handed it to him and after a few minutes of hesitation chomped down on the wiggly bug.  He just shrugged his shoulders and went on sorting.

Many cultures around the globe eat insect as part of the diet, yet here in the United States we get freaked out by the mere thought of knowingly eating a bugs. Sending us into gut wrenching dry heaves.

Whole books have been written about cultures and the uses of insects as food. My favorite bug food book is:

But really what is the big deal? Some spices and a little cheese and it's just like any other protein right? Regardless of if we want to believe it or not there is some bugs or bug parts in just about everything we eat. The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) even sets limits on how much unavoidable bug bits can be in our food. It's no big deal most of it is so small and chopped up you can't find it or see it without the aid of a microscope.

Add to your bucket list eat some bugs! Search out some place cooking and serving up some bugs. After all you have been eating spiders in your sleep your whole life with no complaints.



Want to read more:
http://www.livescience.com/51123-gross-things-food-insects-mold-poop.html
http://www.fda.gov/ICECI/ComplianceManuals/CompliancePolicyGuidanceManual/ucm074465.htm
http://www.dietdetective.com/unwelcome-food-additive-2/

Need some recipies?
 https://www.ars.usda.gov/plains-area/sidney-mt/northern-plains-agricultural-research-laboratory/nparl-docs/just-for-kids/bugs-recipes/

Your elementary school science teacher lied to you!

The other day I went for a walk along my favorite coastal Maine trail and heard a recurring comment from many hikers I passed; "It's too bad there are so many pine trees that are dying." There were a number of theories purposed as to why there is this great die off of trees which ranged from: "I guess they can't handle the salt water" to "they must have that bug like we do back home."

As I walked I tried to figure out just why people kept thinking that the pine trees were dying. Then it dawned on me as children we are taught, by well meaning elementary school teachers, there are two types of trees deciduous trees which loose there leaves every fall and evergreens which keep their leaves (pine needles) year round. However, most teachers fail to tell us that even though evergreens keep their needles year round they do in fact loose 50% of their needles each fall leading to that thick carpet of dead pine needles under every pine tree each fall. To conserve resources pine trees do in fact loose their needles. Once the lost 50% regrow in the spring the tree will loose the other 50% of its needles and begin to regrow them. So each year pine trees loose and regrow all of their needles.

Plus this time of year the tamarack trees put on one heck of a show by turning a yellowish gold and dropping all of their needles at once. Tamaracks are the only truly deciduous pine trees in North America.

Have no fear they pine trees are not dying they are merely getting ready for winter. Get out there and see of you can find some tamarack trees in your neighborhood.






pine trees shed needels

Hemlocks

Love is in the air.....

I was watching a nature related show a few months ago on PBS and it got me to thinking about ways animals attract a mate and help to ensure the survival of their species.

Each year while I worked in Yellowstone National Park I would indulge in some wildlife voyeurism starting with the bison in late July through September. Bison will chase, bellow/grunt (to hear some audio click here), headbutt other males, and try to push the object of their desire as far away from other males as possible. They even go so far as putting on some "cologne" to make them selves smell more desirable.  This involve peeing on the ground and then rolling in it.

Wallowing Bison in Yellowstone National Park

Elk also spend a fair amount of time making themselves smell better to the opposite sex and they also grow these massive antlers which do nothing but scream look at me look at me.

Me and My Elk Rack

Heck even the little peacock spider has a flash dance to attract a mate. It really is quite impressive and if you have never seen it you need to check out this video. How can anyone say no to dancing spiders?

I feel however there is one animal who gets a bum deal when it comes to ways to attract a mate. The musk deer.

They are primitive deer (family Moschidae) and unlike white-tailed or mule deer (family Cervidae) musk deer do not have big flashy antlers which scream look at me look at me. They have fangs which can go up to about four inches long over the course of the animals life. They are used much in the same way elk or other deer use antlers to fight off other males during the breeding season. Talk about some close quarter combat! Sadly these deer are endangered in much other their natural habitat due to poaching. The musk glands are prized by perfume makers and also used in Asian medicines. A quick search of the internet found the price can be as high as, well lets just say it is way more then I make in a years time. Sadly the commercial uses of the musk glands may lead to their eventual extinction. 


Want to know more check out these links:
http://www.livescience.com/48585-fanged-deer-sighting-afghanistan.html
http://www.untamedscience.com/biodiversity/vampire-deer/
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/09/0907_040907_muskdeer.html
https://forcechange.com/15049/musk-the-deadly-truth-behind-the-common-scent/

So you think this winter, summer, fall, rainfall was more extream than any other time in your life?????

There is always that one person in your family who like to tell you stories of the good old days where life was really tough and they had to walk through snow clear up to their nose in the winter and you don't know how easy you have it. Our memories at best can be faulty at best and everything seems much worse depending on your perspective. The winter of 2014 my coworkers tried to convince me was the coldest and snowiest winter ever to which I laughed. "I was alive in 1976 and you we were buried up to our eyeballs in snow" I told them all.

 

Winter of 2014 snow pile.

 Now we can all stop playing "you never had it so bad" and help keep track of the "changes" we think we see and we all get to claim we are working with NASA!

The iSeeChange app (yes, another app) lets you document the changes you see around you. Got a favorite flowering tree which you swear bloomed three weeks earlier than it did last year. Then grab your phone snap a pic and then post your observations and then as others in your are make postings or observations. Some where a group of data nerds will start looking for patterns in observations and help us all try to make sense of how climate change is alerting the world around us. 

So, if you have a weather gauge in your back yard or are just obsessed with proving to all of your fields that your allergies, snow shoveling, bugs in your back yard were worse than they have ever been during the history of your existence then you can look at what others in your area are saying or log your observations and see what the scientist think.

Oh by the way if you're a science teacher this would be an awesome way to work on that climate change lesson plan and do a little citizen science.

More information:
http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/climate-weather/blogs/you-can-help-nasa-track-climate-change-your-phone

FINALLY SOMEONE DESIGNED AN APP THAT I THINK IS TOTALLY COOL!!

The good people at NPR recently reported on an app for your smartphone or tablet with some cool side effects. The average Joe or Jane on the street could help to locate species which has been described hundreds of years ago but never photographed or you could help uncover a totally new species. HOW COOL WOULD THAT BE?! (The complete story can be found here.)
Think about it if your like me you photograph all sorts of cool things that you have no idea what is for instance:

Slime mold in spore stage according to a botanist friend of mine. 

Or this still as yet unidentified stuff.

Anyone out there who knows what this stuff is please let me know. It looks wet yet isn't and a friend ruled out it being a type of lichen.

On the iNaturalist.org website you can see what kinds of cool things people have spotted in your area; post pictures of cool stuff you've seen and can't identify, or search through some of the online field guides posted there. Even look at posts from around the world. Think about planning your next vacation based on something you saw posted on the app.

This new app got me thinking about an article I read in the New York Times a few years ago about mapping roadkill  to better understand where and what types of animals become pancaked on asphalt in California and Maine. (To read the article click here.)  Maybe someone should create a road kill app, so we can all become more aware of what is lurking along the countries roadsides and urge highway managers to consider creating more animal bridges in areas with high collision rates. Want to check some cool animal bridges click the National Wildlife Federations blog. 

So, instead of looking for Pokemon let's take and post pictures of the cool REAL things we see in nature.

Happy searching!!

I FOUND A PLANARIAN!!!!!!!

Forty-one  years and approximately 1,000 aquatic ecology programs and nothing has thrilled me more than standing on the pouring rain by the Big Thompson River this afternoon with a group of AP biology students!!!!! The whole reason for my excitement is one tiny little planarian.  If your thinking the word planarian sounds familiar, but you do not know why cast your mind back to either Jr high school science class or high school biology class and a little experiment you may have done where you tried to make a worm grow two heads or two tails.

Need a refresher on what they look like? Check out the YouTube video. 

According to most published sources you can find these little flatworms in any body of water, but they are not obvious at first.  They are not kidding about that either finding a planarian whose maximum size is .5 inches long is no easy feat.  When I turned over the rock under which the little worm was hiding I though it was merely a baby leech until I saw it move in the little pool of water stuck in the crevice.  It appeared to be undulating not moving with an accordion like movement.  After putting our creature under a magnifying glass I confirmed it was indeed it was a flatworm. 

In my excitement I showed it to the students and told them what it was.  "We just did experiments on them in science class" one student remarked. "
"Oh, were you making two butts or two heads?" I asked.
"We tried both but they all died" was the most common answer to my inquiry.
Here is the experiment they tried:

Planarian regeneration

For students who are interested, they may perform a regeneration experiment. Have the students use the magnifying glass to observe the planarian in a Petri dish.With a coverslip, the students can then cut the planarian at a certain point(s) to create 2 or more planarians. Over the course of several days, they can monitor the planarians’ regeneration and see for themselves how efficiently the planarians can regenerate lost body parts.

Why does it work you ask?  Well, I will let the good people at the Encyclopaedia Britannica explain that for me:

         "There is evidence that a special type of cell, a neoblast, is involved in planarian regeneration. Neoblasts, rich in ribonucleic acid (RNA), which plays an essential role in cell division, appear in great numbers during regeneration. Similar cells, apparently inactive, occur in the tissues of whole organisms (see also regeneration: Biological regeneration)."

This is what they might have looked like had the students or my planarian  lived to regenerate.

                                                  
SO COOL RIGHT?!! Chop the little guy into three pieces and you would get three new planarians, but cut just part of it and you have a really creepy two headed creature.This same experiment was tried on the International Space Station a number of years ago to see how well they regenerated in zero gravity.

Hiding in the shadows of a body of water near you Frankenstein's pet.


Here is some more weird and funny information on planarians:

http://neuron.illinois.edu/files/LP_PlanarianExperiments_outreach.pdf
http://ase.tufts.edu/biology/labs/levin/resources/documents/PlanarianManual.pdf
http://www.brighthubeducation.com/science-lessons-grades-9-12/36527-planaria-regeneration-experiment/